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<sect2 id="zend.test.phpunit.assertions">
    <title>Assertions</title>

    <para>
        Assertions are at the heart of Unit Testing; you use them to verify
        that the results are what you expect. To this end,
        <classname>Zend_Test_PHPUnit_ControllerTestCase</classname> provides a number of
        assertions to make testing your MVC apps and controllers simpler.
    </para>

    <sect3 id="zend.test.phpunit.assertions.query">
        <title>CSS Selector Assertions</title>

        <para>
            CSS selectors are an easy way to verify that certain artifacts are
            present in the response content. They also make it trivial to
            ensure that items necessary for Javascript UIs and/or AJAX
            integration will be present; most JS toolkits provide some
            mechanism for pulling DOM elements based on CSS selectors, so the
            syntax would be the same.
        </para>

        <para>
            This functionality is provided via <link
                linkend="zend.dom.query">Zend_Dom_Query</link>, and integrated
            into a set of 'Query' assertions. Each of these assertions takes
            as their first argument a CSS selector, with optionally additional
            arguments and/or an error message, based on the assertion type. You
            can find the rules for writing the CSS selectors in the <link
                linkend="zend.dom.query.operation">Zend_Dom_Query theory of
                operation chapter</link>. Query assertions include:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertQuery($path, $message = '')</methodname>: assert that
                one or more DOM elements matching the given CSS selector are
                present. If a <varname>$message</varname> is present, it will be
                prepended to any failed assertion message.
            </para></listitem>

            <listitem><para>
                <code>assertQueryContentContains($path, $match, $message =
                    '')</code>: assert that one or more DOM elements matching
                the given CSS selector are present, and that at least one
                contains the content provided in <varname>$match</varname>. If a
                <varname>$message</varname> is present, it will be prepended to any
                failed assertion message.
            </para></listitem>

            <listitem><para>
                <code>assertQueryContentRegex($path, $pattern, $message =
                    '')</code>: assert that one or more DOM elements matching
                the given CSS selector are present, and that at least one
                matches the regular expression provided in
                <varname>$pattern</varname>. If a <varname>$message</varname> is present,
                it will be prepended to any failed assertion message.
            </para></listitem>

            <listitem><para>
                <code>assertQueryCount($path, $count, $message =
                    '')</code>: assert that there are exactly
                <varname>$count</varname> DOM elements matching the given CSS
                selector present. If a <varname>$message</varname> is present, it
                will be prepended to any failed assertion message.
            </para></listitem>

            <listitem><para>
                <code>assertQueryCountMin($path, $count, $message =
                    '')</code>: assert that there are at least
                <varname>$count</varname> DOM elements matching the given CSS
                selector present. If a <varname>$message</varname> is present, it
                will be prepended to any failed assertion message.
                <emphasis>Note:</emphasis> specifying a value of 1 for
                <varname>$count</varname> is the same as simply using
                <methodname>assertQuery()</methodname>.
            </para></listitem>

            <listitem><para>
                <code>assertQueryCountMax($path, $count, $message =
                    '')</code>: assert that there are no more than
                <varname>$count</varname> DOM elements matching the given CSS
                selector present. If a <varname>$message</varname> is present, it
                will be prepended to any failed assertion message.
                <emphasis>Note:</emphasis> specifying a value of 1 for
                <varname>$count</varname> is the same as simply using
                <methodname>assertQuery()</methodname>.
            </para></listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>
            Additionally, each of the above has a 'Not' variant that provides a
            negative assertion: <methodname>assertNotQuery()</methodname>,
            <methodname>assertNotQueryContentContains()</methodname>,
            <methodname>assertNotQueryContentRegex()</methodname>, and
            <methodname>assertNotQueryCount()</methodname>. (Note that the min and
            max counts do not have these variants, for what should be obvious
            reasons.)
        </para>
    </sect3>

    <sect3 id="zend.test.phpunit.assertions.xpath">
        <title>XPath Assertions</title>

        <para>
            Some developers are more familiar with XPath than with CSS
            selectors, and thus XPath variants of all the <link
                linkend="zend.test.phpunit.assertions.query">Query
                assertions</link> are also provided. These are:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertXpath($path, $message = '')</methodname>
            </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertNotXpath($path, $message = '')</methodname>
            </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertXpathContentContains($path, $match, $message = '')</methodname>
            </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertNotXpathContentContains($path, $match, $message = '')</methodname>
            </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertXpathContentRegex($path, $pattern, $message = '')</methodname>
            </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertNotXpathContentRegex($path, $pattern, $message = '')</methodname>
            </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertXpathCount($path, $count, $message = '')</methodname>
            </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertNotXpathCount($path, $count, $message = '')</methodname>
            </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertXpathCountMin($path, $count, $message = '')</methodname>
            </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertNotXpathCountMax($path, $count, $message = '')</methodname>
            </para></listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
    </sect3>

    <sect3 id="zend.test.phpunit.assertions.redirect">
        <title>Redirect Assertions</title>

        <para>
            Often an action will redirect. Instead of following the redirect,
            <classname>Zend_Test_PHPUnit_ControllerTestCase</classname> allows you to
            test for redirects with a handful of assertions.
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertRedirect($message = '')</methodname>: assert simply that
                a redirect has occurred.
            </para></listitem>

            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertNotRedirect($message = '')</methodname>: assert that no
                redirect has occurred.
            </para></listitem>

            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertRedirectTo($url, $message = '')</methodname>: assert that
                a redirect has occurred, and that the value of the Location
                header is the <varname>$url</varname> provided.
            </para></listitem>

            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertNotRedirectTo($url, $message = '')</methodname>: assert that
                a redirect has either NOT occurred, or that the value of the Location
                header is NOT the <varname>$url</varname> provided.
            </para></listitem>

            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertRedirectRegex($pattern, $message = '')</methodname>:
                assert that a redirect has occurred, and that the value of the
                Location header matches the regular expression provided by
                <varname>$pattern</varname>.
            </para></listitem>

            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertNotRedirectRegex($pattern, $message = '')</methodname>:
                assert that a redirect has either NOT occurred, or that the value of the
                Location header does NOT match the regular expression provided by
                <varname>$pattern</varname>.
            </para></listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
    </sect3>

    <sect3 id="zend.test.phpunit.assertions.header">
        <title>Response Header Assertions</title>

        <para>
            In addition to checking for redirect headers, you will often need
            to check for specific HTTP response codes and headers -- for
            instance, to determine whether an action results in a 404 or 500
            response, or to ensure that JSON responses contain the appropriate
            Content-Type header. The following assertions are available.
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertResponseCode($code, $message = '')</methodname>: assert
                that the response resulted in the given HTTP response code.
            </para></listitem>

            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertHeader($header, $message = '')</methodname>: assert
                that the response contains the given header.
            </para></listitem>

            <listitem><para>
                <code>assertHeaderContains($header, $match, $message =
                '')</code>: assert that the response contains the given header
                and that its content contains the given string.
            </para></listitem>

            <listitem><para>
                <code>assertHeaderRegex($header, $pattern, $message =
                '')</code>: assert that the response contains the given header
            and that its content matches the given regex.
            </para></listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>
            Additionally, each of the above assertions have a 'Not' variant for
            negative assertions.
        </para>
    </sect3>

    <sect3 id="zend.test.phpunit.assertions.request">
        <title>Request Assertions</title>

        <para>
            It's often useful to assert against the last run action,
            controller, and module; additionally, you may want to assert
            against the route that was matched. The following assertions can
            help you in this regard:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertModule($module, $message = '')</methodname>: Assert that
                the given module was used in the last dispatched action.
            </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertController($controller, $message = '')</methodname>:
                Assert that the given controller was selected in the last
                dispatched action.
            </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertAction($action, $message = '')</methodname>: Assert that
                the given action was last dispatched.
            </para></listitem>
            <listitem><para>
                <methodname>assertRoute($route, $message = '')</methodname>: Assert that
                the given named route was matched by the router.
            </para></listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>
            Each also has a 'Not' variant for negative assertions.
        </para>
    </sect3>
</sect2>
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