Zend_Locale also provides localized information about locales for each locale, including localized names for other locales, days of the week, month names, etc. Use object cloning to duplicate a locale object exactly and efficiently. Most locale-aware methods also accept string representations of locales, such as the result of $locale->toString(). serialize(); // re-create the original object $localeObject = unserialize($serializedLocale); // Obtain a string identification of the locale $stringLocale = $locale->toString(); // Make a cloned copy of the $local object $copiedLocale = clone $locale; print "copied: ", $copiedLocale->toString(); // PHP automatically calls toString() via __toString() print "copied: ", $copiedLocale; ]]> Zend_Locale also provides a convenience function to compare two locales. All locale-aware classes should provide a similar equality check. equals($mylocale)) { print "Locales are equal"; } ]]> The method getDefault() returns an array of relevant locales using information from the user's web browser (if available), information from the environment of the host server, and ZF settings. As with the constructor for Zend_Locale, the first parameter selects a preference of which information to consider (BROWSER, ENVIRONMENT, or FRAMEWORK) first. The second parameter toggles between returning all matching locales or only the first/best match. Locale-aware components normally use only the first locale. A quality rating is included, when available. getDefault(); print_r($found); // Return only browser locales $found2 = $locale->getDefault(Zend_Locale::BROWSER,TRUE); print_r($found2); ]]> To obtain only the default locales relevant to the BROWSER, ENVIRONMENT, or FRAMEWORK , use the corresponding method: getEnvironment() getBrowser() getLocale() A new locale can be set with the function setLocale(). This function takes a locale string as parameter. If no locale is given, a locale is automatically selected. Since Zend_Locale objects are "light", this method exists primarily to cause side-effects for code that have references to the existing instance object. toString(); // new locale $locale->setLocale('aa_DJ'); print $locale->toString(); ]]> Use getLanguage() to obtain a string containing the two character language code from the string locale identifier. Use getRegion() to obtain a string containing the two character region code from the string locale identifier. getLanguage(); // if locale is 'de_AT' then 'AT' will be returned as region print $locale->getRegion(); ]]> getTranslationList() gives you access to localized informations of several types. These information are useful if you want to display localized data to a customer without the need of translating it. They are already available for your usage. The requested list of information is always returned as named array. If you want to give more than one value to a explicit type where you wish to receive values from, you have to give an array instead of multiple values. value pairs... // [de] -> Deutsch // [en] -> Englisch // use one of the returned key as value for the getTranslation() method // of another language print Zend_Locale::getTranslation('de', 'language', 'zh'); // returns the translation for the language 'de' in chinese ]]> You can receive this informations for all languages. But not all of the informations are completely available for all languages. Some of these types are also available through an own function for simplicity. See this list for detailed informations. Type Description Language Returns a localized list of all languages. The language part of the locale is returned as key and the translation as value. For your convenience use the getLanguageTranslationList() method Script Returns a localized list of all scripts. The script is returned as key and the translation as value. For your convenience use the getScriptTranslationList() method Territory Returns a localized list of all territories. This contains countries, continents and territories. To get only territories and continents use '1' as value. To get only countries use '2' as value. The country part of the locale is used as key where applicable. In the other case the official ISO code for this territory is used. The translated territory is returned as value. For your convenience use the getCountryTranslationList() method to receive all countries and the getTerritoryTranslationList() method to receive all territories without countries. When you omit the value you will get a list with both. Variant Returns a localized list of known variants of scripts. The variant is returned as key and the translation as value Key Returns a localized list of known keys. This keys are generic values used in translation. These are normally calendar, collation and currency. The key is returned as array key and the translation as value Type Returns a localized list of known types of keys. These are variants of types of calendar representations and types of collations. When you use 'collation' as value you will get all types of collations returned. When you use 'calendar' as value you will get all types of calendars returned. When you omit the value you will get a list all both returned. The type is used as key and the translation as value Layout Returns a list of rules which describes how to format special text parts Characters Returns a list of allowed characters within this locale Delimiters Returns a list of allowed quoting characters for this locale Measurement Returns a list of known measurement values. This list is depreciated Months Returns a list of all month representations within this locale. There are several different representations which are all returned as sub array. If you omit the value you will get a list of all months from the 'gregorian' calendar returned. You can give any known calendar as value to get a list of months from this calendar returned. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Month Returns a localized list of all month names for this locale. If you omit the value you will get the normally used gregorian full name of the months where each month number is used as key and the translated month is returned as value. You can get the months for different calendars and formats if you give an array as value. The first array entry has to be the calendar, the second the used context and the third the width to return. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Days Returns a list of all day representations within this locale. There are several different representations which are all returned as sub array. If you omit the value you will get a list of all days from the 'gregorian' calendar returned. You can give any known calendar as value to get a list of days from this calendar returned. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Day Returns a localized list of all day names for this locale. If you omit the value you will get the normally used gregorian full name of the days where the english day abbreviation is used as key and the translated day is returned as value. You can get the days for different calendars and formats if you give an array as value. The first array entry has to be the calendar, the second the used context and the third the width to return. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Week Returns a list of values used for proper week calculations within a locale. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Quarters Returns a list of all quarter representations within this locale. There are several different representations which are all returned as sub array. If you omit the value you will get a list of all quarters from the 'gregorian' calendar returned. You can give any known calendar as value to get a list of quarters from this calendar returned Quarter Returns a localized list of all quarter names for this locale. If you omit the value you will get the normally used gregorian full name of the quarters where each quarter number is used as key and the translated quarter is returned as value. You can get the quarters for different calendars and formats if you give an array as value. The first array entry has to be the calendar, the second the used context and the third the width to return Eras Returns a list of all era representations within this locale. If you omit the value you will get a list of all eras from the 'gregorian' calendar returned. You can give any known calendar as value to get a list of eras from this calendar returned Era Returns a localized list of all era names for this locale. If you omit the value you will get the normally used gregorian full name of the eras where each era number is used as key and the translated era is returned as value. You can get the eras for different calendars and formats if you give an array as value. The first array entry has to be the calendar and the second the width to return Date Returns a localized list of all date formats for this locale. The name of the dateformat is used as key and the format itself as value.If you omit the value you will get the date formats for the gregorian calendar returned. You can get the date formats for different calendars if you give the wished calendar as string. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Time Returns a localized list of all time formats for this locale. The name of the timeformat is used as key and the format itself as value. If you omit the value you will get the time formats for the gregorian calendar returned. You can get the time formats for different calendars if you give the wished calendar as string. Use Zend_Date for simplicity DateTime Returns a localized list of all known date-time formats for this locale. The name of the date-time format is used as key and the format itself as value. If you omit the value you will get the date-time formats for the gregorian calendar returned. You can get the date-time formats for different calendars if you give the wished calendar as string. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Field Returns a localized list of date fields which can be used to display calendars or date strings like 'month' or 'year' in a wished language. If you omit the value you will get this list for the gregorian calendar returned. You can get the list for different calendars if you give the wished calendar as string Relative Returns a localized list of relative dates which can be used to display textual relative dates like 'yesterday' or 'tomorrow' in a wished language. If you omit the value you will get this list for the gregorian calendar returned. You can get the list for different calendars if you give the wished calendar as string Symbols Returns a localized list of characters used for number representations NameToCurrency Returns a localized list of names for currencies. The currency is used as key and the translated name as value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity CurrencyToName Returns a list of currencies for localized names. The translated name is used as key and the currency as value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity CurrencySymbol Returns a list of known localized currency symbols for currencies. The currency is used as key and the symbol as value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity Question Returns a list of localized strings for acceptance ('yes') and negotation ('no'). Use Zend_Locale's getQuestion method for simplicity CurrencyFraction Returns a list of fractions for currency values. The currency is used as key and the fraction as integer value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity CurrencyRounding Returns a list of how to round which currency. The currency is used as key and the rounding as integer value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity CurrencyToRegion Returns a list of currencies which are known to be used within a region. The ISO3166 value ('region') is used as array key and the ISO4217 value ('currency') as array value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity RegionToCurrency Returns a list of regions where a currency is used . The ISO4217 value ('currency') is used as array key and the ISO3166 value ('region') as array value. When a currency is used in several regions these regions are separated with a whitespace. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity RegionToTerritory Returns a list of territories with the countries or sub territories which are included within that territory. The ISO territory code ('territory') is used as array key and the ISO3166 value ('region') as array value. When a territory contains several regions these regions are separated with a whitespace TerritoryToRegion Returns a list of regions and the territories where these regions are located. The ISO3166 code ('region') is used as array key and the ISO territory code ('territory') as array value. When a region is located in several territories these territories are separated with a whitespace ScriptToLanguage Returns a list of scripts which are used within a language. The language code is used as array key and the script code as array value. When a language contains several scripts these scripts are separated with a whitespace LanguageToScript Returns a list of languages which are using a script. The script code is used as array key and the language code as array value. When a script is used in several languages these languages are separated with a whitespace TerritoryToLanguage Returns a list of countries which are using a language. The country code is used as array key and the language code as array value. When a language is used in several countries these countries are separated with a whitespace LanguageToTerritory Returns a list of countries and the languages spoken within these countries. The country code is used as array key and the language code as array value. When a territory is using several languages these languages are separated with a whitespace TimezoneToWindows Returns a list of windows timezones and the related ISO timezone. The windows timezone is used as array key and the ISO timezone as array value WindowsToTimezone Returns a list of ISO timezones and the related windows timezone. The ISO timezone is used as array key and the windows timezone as array value TerritoryToTimezone Returns a list of regions or territories and the related ISO timezone. The ISO timezone is used as array key and the territory code as array value TimezoneToTerritory Returns a list of timezones and the related region or territory code. The region or territory code is used as array key and the ISO timezone as array value CityToTimezone Returns a localized list of cities which can be used as translation for a related timezone. Not for all timezones is a translation available, but for a user is the real city written in his languages more accurate than the ISO name of this timezone. The ISO timezone is used as array key and the translated city as array value TimezoneToCity Returns a list of timezones for localized city names. The localized city is used as array key and the ISO timezone name as array value PhoneToTerritory Returns a list of phone codes which are known to be used within a territory. The territory (region) is used as array key and the telephone code as array value TerritoryToPhone Returns a list of territories where a phone is used . The phone code is used as array key and the territory (region) as array value. When a phone code is used in several territories these territories are separated with a whitespace NumericToTerritory Returns a list of 3 digit number codes for territories. The territory (region) is used as array key and the 3 digit number code as array value TerritoryToNumeric Returns a list of territories with their 3 digit number code. The 3 digit number code is used as array key and the territory (region) as array value Alpha3ToTerritory Returns a list of 3 sign character codes for territories. The territory (region) is used as array key and the 3 sign character code as array value TerritoryToAlpha3 Returns a list of territories with their 3 sign character code. The 3 sign character code is used as array key and the territory (region) as array value If you are in need of a single translated value, you can use the getTranslation() method. It returns always a string but it accepts some different types than the getTranslationList() method. Also value is the same as before with one difference. You have to give the detail you want to get returned as additional value. Because you have almost always give a value as detail this parameter has to be given as first parameter. This differs from the getTranslationList() method. See the following table for detailed information: Type Description Language Returns a translation for a language. To select the wished translation you must give the language code as value. For your convenience use the getLanguageTranslation($value) method Script Returns a translation for a script. To select the wished translation you must give the script code as value. For your convenience use the getScriptTranslation($value) method Territory or Country Returns a translation for a territory. This can be countries, continents and territories. To select the wished variant you must give the territory code as value. For your convenience use the getCountryTranslation($value) method. Variant Returns a translation for a script variant. To select the wished variant you must give the variant code as value Key Returns translation for a known keys. This keys are generic values used in translation. These are normally calendar, collation and currency. To select the wished key you must give the key code as value DateChars Returns a character table which contains all characters used when displaying dates DefaultCalendar Returns the default calendar for the given locale. For most locales this will be 'gregorian'. Use Zend_Date for simplicity MonthContext Returns the default context for months which is used within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity DefaultMonth Returns the default format for months which is used within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Month Returns a translation for a month. You have to give the number of the month as integer value. It has to be between 1 and 12. If you want to receive data for other calendars, contexts or formats, then you must give an array instead of an integer with the expected values. The array has to look like this: array( 'calendar', 'context', 'format', 'month number'). If you give only an integer then the default values are the 'gregorian' calendar, the context 'format' and the format 'wide'. Use Zend_Date for simplicity DayContext Returns the default context for ´days which is used within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity DefaultDay Returns the default format for days which is used within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Day Returns a translation for a day. You have to give the english abbreviation of the day as string value ('sun', 'mon', etc.). If you want to receive data for other calendars, contexts or format, then you must give an array instead of an integer with the expected values. The array has to look like this: array('calendar', 'context', 'format', 'day abbreviation'). If you give only an string then the default values are the 'gregorian' calendar, the context 'format' and the format 'wide'. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Quarter Returns a translation for a quarter. You have to give the number of the quarter as integer and it has to be between 1 and 4. If you want to receive data for other calendars, contexts or formats, then you must give an array instead of an integer with the expected values. The array has to look like this: array('calendar', 'context', 'format', 'quarter number'). If you give only an string then the default values are the 'gregorian' calendar, the context 'format' and the format 'wide' Am Returns a translation for 'AM' in a expected locale. If you want to receive data for other calendars an string with the expected calendar. If you omit the value then the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Pm Returns a translation for 'PM' in a expected locale. If you want to receive data for other calendars an string with the expected calendar. If you omit the value then the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Era Returns a translation for an era within a locale. You have to give the era number as string or integer. If you want to receive data for other calendars or formats, then you must give an array instead of the era number with the expected values. The array has to look like this: array('calendar', 'format', 'era number'). If you give only an string then the default values are the 'gregorian' calendar and the 'abbr' format DefaultDate Returns the default date format which is used within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Date Returns the date format for an given calendar or format within a locale. If you omit the value then the 'gregorian' calendar will be used with the 'medium' format. If you give a string then the 'gregorian' calendar will be used with the given format. Or you can also give an array which will have to look like this: array('calendar', 'format'). Use Zend_Date for simplicity DefaultTime Returns the default time format which is used within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Time Returns the time format for an given calendar or format within a locale. If you omit the value then the 'gregorian' calendar will be used with the 'medium' format. If you give a string then the 'gregorian' calendar will be used with the given format. Or you can also give an array which will have to look like this: array('calendar', 'format'). Use Zend_Date for simplicity DateTime Returns the datetime format for the given locale which indicates how to display date with times in the same string within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity Field Returns a translated date field which can be used to display calendars or date strings like 'month' or 'year' in a wished language. You must give the field which has to be returned as string. In this case the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. You can get the field for other calendar formats if you give an array which has to look like this: array('calendar', 'date field') Relative Returns a translated date which is relative to today which can include date strings like 'yesterday' or 'tomorrow' in a wished language. You have to give the number of days relative to tomorrow to receive the expected string. Yesterday would be '-1', tomorrow '1' and so on. This will use the 'gregorian' calendar. If you want to get relative dates for other calendars you will have to give an array which has to look like this: array('calendar', 'relative days'). Use Zend_Date for simplicity DecimalNumber Returns the format for decimal numbers within a given locale. Use Zend_Locale_Format for simplicity ScientificNumber Returns the format for scientific numbers within a given locale PercentNumber Returns the format for percentage numbers within a given locale CurrencyNumber Returns the format for displaying currency numbers within a given locale. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity NameToCurrency Returns the translated name for a given currency. The currency has to be given in ISO format which is for example 'EUR' for the currency 'euro'. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity CurrencyToName Returns a currency for a given localized name. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity CurrencySymbol Returns the used symbol for a currency within a given locale. Not for all currencies exists a symbol. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity Question Returns a localized string for acceptance ('yes') and negotation ('no'). You have to give either 'yes' or 'no' as value to receive the expected string. Use Zend_Locale's getQuestion method for simplicity CurrencyFraction Returns the fraction to use for a given currency. You must give the currency as ISO value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity CurrencyRounding Returns how to round a given currency. You must give the currency as ISO value. If you omit the currency then the 'DEFAULT' rounding will be returned. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity CurrencyToRegion Returns the currency for a given region. The region code has to be given as ISO3166 string for example 'AT' for austria. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity RegionToCurrency Returns the regions where a currency is used. The currency has to be given as ISO4217 code for example 'EUR' for euro. When a currency is used in multiple regions, these regions are separated with a whitespace character. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity RegionToTerritory Returns the regions for a given territory. The territory has to be given as ISO4217 string for example '001' for world. The regions within this territory are separated with a whitespace character TerritoryToRegion Returns the territories where a given region is located. The region has to be given in ISO3166 string for example 'AT' for austria. When a region is located in multiple territories then these territories are separated with a whitespace character ScriptToLanguage Returns the scripts which are used within a given language. The language has to be given as ISO language code for example 'en' for english. When multiple scripts are used within a language then these scripts are separated with a whitespace character LanguageToScript Returns the languages which are used within a given script. The script has to be given as ISO script code for example 'Latn' for latin. When a script is used in multiple languages then these languages are separated with a whitespace character TerritoryToLanguage Returns the territories where a given language is used. The language has to be given as ISO language code for example 'en' for english. When multiple territories exist where this language is used then these territories are separated with a whitespace character LanguageToTerritory Returns the languages which are used within a given territory. The territory has to be given as ISO3166 code for example 'IT' for italia. When a language is used in multiple territories then these territories are separated with a whitespace character TimezoneToWindows Returns a ISO timezone for a given windows timezone WindowsToTimezone Returns a windows timezone for a given ISO timezone TerritoryToTimezone Returns the territory for a given ISO timezone TimezoneToTerritory Returns the ISO timezone for a given territory CityToTimezone Returns the localized city for a given ISO timezone. Not for all timezones does a city translation exist TimezoneToCity Returns the ISO timezone for a given localized city name. Not for all cities does a timezone exist PhoneToTerritory Returns the telephone code for a given territory (region). The territory code has to be given as ISO3166 string for example 'AT' for austria TerritoryToPhone Returns the territory (region) where a telephone code is used. The telephone code has to be given as plain integer code for example '43' for +43. When a telephone code is used in multiple territories (regions), these territories are separated with a whitespace character NumericToTerritory Returns the 3 digit number code for a given territory (region). The territory code has to be given as ISO3166 string for example 'AT' for austria TerritoryToNumeric Returns the territory (region) for a 3 digit number code. The 3 digit number code has to be given as plain integer code for example '43' Alpha3ToTerritory Returns the 3 sign character code for a given territory (region). The territory code has to be given as ISO3166 string for example 'AT' for austria TerritoryToAlpha3 Returns the territory (region) for a 3 sign character code With Zend Framework 1.5 several old types have been renamed. This has to be done because of several new types, some misspelling and to increase the usability. See this table for a list of old to new types: Old type New type Country Territory (with value '2') Calendar Type (with value 'calendar') Month_Short Month (with array('gregorian', 'format', 'abbreviated') Month_Narrow Month (with array('gregorian', 'stand-alone', 'narrow') Month_Complete Months Day_Short Day (with array('gregorian', 'format', 'abbreviated') Day_Narrow Day (with array('gregorian', 'stand-alone', 'narrow') DateFormat Date TimeFormat Time Timezones CityToTimezone Currency NameToCurrency Currency_Sign CurrencySymbol Currency_Detail CurrencyToRegion Territory_Detail TerritoryToRegion Language_Detail LanguageToTerritory The example below demonstrates how to obtain the names of things in different languages. The next example shows how to find the name of a language in another language, when the two letter iso country code is not known. To generate a list of all languages known by Zend_Locale, with each language name shown in its own language, try the example below in a web page. Similarly, getCountryTranslationList() and getCountryTranslation() could be used to create a table mapping your native language names for regions to the names of the regions shown in another language. Use a try .. catch block to handle exceptions that occur when using a locale that does not exist. Not all languages are also locales. In the example, below exceptions are ignored to prevent early termination. $content) { try { $output = Zend_Locale::getLanguageTranslation($language, $language); if (is_string($output)) { print "\n
[".$language."] ".$output; } } catch (Exception $e) { continue; } } ]]> Frequently, programs need to solicit a "yes" or "no" response from the user. Use getQuestion() to obtain an array containing the correct word(s) or regex strings to use for prompting the user in a particular $locale (defaults to the current object's locale). The returned array will contain the following informations : yes and no: A generic string representation for yes and no responses. This will contain the first and most generic response from yesarray and noarray. yesarray and noarray: An array with all known yes and no responses. Several languages have more than just two responses. In general this is the full string and its abbreviation. yesexpr and noexpr: An generated regex which allows you to handle user response, and search for yes or no. All of this informations are of course localized and depend on the set locale. See the following example for the informations you can receive: getQuestion('de')); - - - Output - - - Array ( [yes] => ja [no] => nein [yesarray] => Array ( [0] => ja [1] => j ) [noarray] => Array ( [0] => nein [1] => n ) [yesexpr] => ^([jJ][aA]?)|([jJ]?) [noexpr] => ^([nN]([eE][iI][nN])?)|([nN]?) ) ]]> Until 1.0.3 yesabbr from the underlaying locale data was also available. Since 1.5 this information is no longer standalone available, but you will find the information from it within yesarray. Sometimes you will want to get a list of all known locales. This can be used for several tasks like the creation of a selectbox. For this purpose you can use the static getLocaleList() method which will return a list of all known locales. Note that the locales are returned as key of the array you will receive. The value is always a boolean true. When you want to detect if a given input, regardless of its source, is a locale you should use the static isLocale() method. The first parameter of this method is the string which you want to check. As you can see, the output of this method is always a boolean. There is only one reason you could get an exception when calling this method. When your system does not provide any locale and Zend Framework is not able to detect it automatically. Normally this shows that there is a problem with your OS in combination with PHP's setlocale(). You should also note that any given locale string will automatically be degraded if the region part does not exist for this locale. In our previous example the language 'to' does not exist in the region 'RU', but you will still get true returned as Zend_Locale can work with the given input. Still it's sometimes usefull to prevent this automatic degrading, and this is where the second parameter of isLocale() comes in place. The strict parameter defaults to false and can be used to prevent degrading when set to true. Now that you are able to detect if a given string is a locale you could add locale aware behaviour to your own classes. But you will soon detect that this will always leads to the same 15 lines of code. Something like the following example: toString(); } ]]> With Zend Framework 1.8 we added a static findLocale() method which returns you a locale string which you can work with. It processes the following tasks: Detects if a given string is a locale Degrades the locale if it does not exist in the given region Returns a previous set application wide locale if no input is given Detects the locale from browser when the previous detections failed Detects the locale from environment when the previous detections failed Detects the locale from framework when the previous detections failed Returns always a string which represents the found locale. The following example shows how these checks and the above code can be simplified with one single call: