repo_zf1/documentation/manual/en/tutorials/quickstart-intro-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Reviewed: no -->
<sect1 id="learning.quickstart.intro">
    <title>ZF &amp; MVC Introduction</title>

    <sect2 id="learning.quickstart.intro.zf">
        <title>Zend Framework</title>

        <para>
            Zend Framework is an open source, object oriented web application framework for PHP 5.
            ZF is often called a 'component library', because it has many loosely coupled components
            that you can use more or less independently. But Zend Framework also provides an
            advanced Model-View-Controller (MVC) implementation that can be used to establish a
            basic structure for your ZF applications. A full list of Zend Framework components along
            with short descriptions may be found in the <ulink
                url="http://framework.zend.com/about/components">components overview</ulink>. This
            QuickStart will introduce you to some of ZF's most commonly used components, including
            <classname>Zend_Controller</classname>, <classname>Zend_Layout</classname>,
            <classname>Zend_Config</classname>, <classname>Zend_Db</classname>,
            <classname>Zend_Db_Table</classname>, <classname>Zend_Registry</classname>, along
            with a few view helpers.
        </para>

        <para>
            Using these components, we will build a simple database-driven guest book application
            within minutes. The complete source code for this application is available in the
            following archives:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
                <para>
                    <ulink
                        url="http://framework.zend.com/demos/ZendFrameworkQuickstart.zip">zip</ulink>
                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    <ulink
                        url="http://framework.zend.com/demos/ZendFrameworkQuickstart.tar.gz">tar.gz</ulink>
                </para>
            </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="learning.quickstart.intro.mvc">
        <title>Model-View-Controller</title>

        <para>
            So what exactly is this MVC pattern everyone keeps talking about, and why should you
            care? MVC is much more than just a three-letter acronym (TLA) that you can whip out
            anytime you want to sound smart; it has become something of a standard in the design of
            modern web applications. And for good reason. Most web application code falls under one
            of the following three categories: presentation, business logic, and data access. The
            MVC pattern models this separation of concerns well. The end result is that your
            presentation code can be consolidated in one part of your application with your business
            logic in another and your data access code in yet another. Many developers have found
            this well-defined separation indispensable for keeping their code organized, especially
            when more than one developer is working on the same application.
        </para>

        <note>
            <title>More Information</title>

            <para>
                Let's break down the pattern and take a look at the individual pieces:
            </para>

            <para>
                <inlinegraphic width="321" scale="100" align="center" valign="middle"
                    fileref="figures/learning.quickstart.intro.mvc.png" format="PNG" />
            </para>

            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <emphasis role="strong">Model</emphasis> - This is the part of your
                        application that defines its basic functionality behind a set of
                        abstractions. Data access routines and some business logic can be defined in
                        the model.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <emphasis role="strong">View</emphasis> - Views define exactly what is
                        presented to the user. Usually controllers pass data to each view to render
                        in some format. Views will often collect data from the user, as well. This
                        is where you're likely to find HTML markup in your MVC applications.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <emphasis role="strong">Controller</emphasis> - Controllers bind the whole
                        pattern together. They manipulate models, decide which view to display based
                        on the user's request and other factors, pass along the data that each view
                        will need, or hand off control to another controller entirely. Most MVC
                        experts recommend <ulink
                            url="http://weblog.jamisbuck.org/2006/10/18/skinny-controller-fat-model">keeping
                        controllers as skinny as possible</ulink>.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>

            <para>
                Of course there is <ulink url="http://ootips.org/mvc-pattern.html">more to be
                    said</ulink> about this critical pattern, but this should give you enough
                background to understand the guestbook application we'll be building.
            </para>
        </note>
    </sect2>
</sect1>