repo_zf1/documentation/manual/en/module_specs/Zend_Form-Forms.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Reviewed: no -->
<sect1 id="zend.form.forms">
    <title>Creating Forms Using Zend_Form</title>

    <para>
        The <classname>Zend_Form</classname> class is used to aggregate form elements,
        display groups, and subforms. It can then perform the following actions
        on those items:
    </para>

    <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
            <para>
                Validation, including retrieving error codes and messages
            </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
            <para>
                Value aggregation, including populating items and retrieving both
                filtered and unfiltered values from all items
            </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
            <para>
                Iteration over all items, in the order in which they are entered or
                based on the order hints retrieved from each item
            </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
            <para>
                Rendering of the entire form, either via a single decorator that
                performs custom rendering or by iterating over each item in the form
            </para>
        </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>
        While forms created with <classname>Zend_Form</classname> may be complex, probably
        the best use case is for simple forms; its best use is for Rapid
        Application Development (RAD) and prototyping.
    </para>

    <para>
        At its most basic, you simply instantiate a form object:
    </para>

    <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Generic form object:
$form = new Zend_Form();

// Custom form object:
$form = new My_Form()
]]></programlisting>

    <para>
        You can optionally pass in a instance of <classname>Zend_Config</classname> or an array,
        which will be used to set object state and potentially create new elements:
    </para>

    <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Passing in configuration options:
$form = new Zend_Form($config);
]]></programlisting>

    <para>
        <classname>Zend_Form</classname> is iterable, and will iterate over elements,
        display groups, and subforms, using the order they were registered and
        any order index each may have. This is useful in cases where you wish to
        render the elements manually in the appropriate order.
    </para>

    <para>
        <classname>Zend_Form</classname>'s magic lies in its ability to serve as a factory
        for elements and display groups, as well as the ability to render itself
        through decorators.
    </para>

    <sect2 id="zend.form.forms.plugins">
        <title>Plugin Loaders</title>

        <para>
            <classname>Zend_Form</classname> makes use of
            <classname>Zend_Loader_PluginLoader</classname> to allow developers to specify
            the locations of alternate elements and decorators. Each has its own
            plugin loader associated with it, and general accessors are used to
            retrieve and modify each.
        </para>

        <para>
            The following loader types are used with the various plugin loader
            methods: 'element' and 'decorator'. The type names are case
            insensitive.
        </para>

        <para>
            The methods used to interact with plugin loaders are as follows:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
                <para>
                    <methodname>setPluginLoader($loader, $type)</methodname>: $loader is the
                    plugin loader object itself, while type is one of the types
                    specified above. This sets the plugin loader for the given type
                    to the newly specified loader object.
                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    <methodname>getPluginLoader($type)</methodname>: retrieves the plugin loader
                    associated with $type.
                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    <methodname>addPrefixPath($prefix, $path, $type = null)</methodname>: adds a
                    prefix/path association to the loader specified by $type. If
                    $type is <constant>NULL</constant>, it will attempt to add the path to all
                    loaders, by appending the prefix with each of "_Element" and
                    "_Decorator"; and appending the path with "Element/" and
                    "Decorator/". If you have all your extra form element classes
                    under a common hierarchy, this is a convenience method for
                    setting the base prefix for them.
                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    <methodname>addPrefixPaths(array $spec)</methodname>: allows you to add many
                    paths at once to one or more plugin loaders. It expects each
                    array item to be an array with the keys 'path', 'prefix', and
                    'type'.
                </para>
            </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>
            Additionally, you can specify prefix paths for all elements and
            display groups created through a <classname>Zend_Form</classname> instance
            using the following methods:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
                <para>
                    <methodname>addElementPrefixPath($prefix, $path, $type = null)</methodname>:
                    Just like <methodname>addPrefixPath()</methodname>, you must specify a class
                    prefix and a path. <varname>$type</varname>, when specified, must be
                    one of the plugin loader types specified by
                    <classname>Zend_Form_Element</classname>; see the <link
                        linkend="zend.form.elements.loaders">element plugins
                        section</link> for more information on valid
                    <varname>$type</varname> values. If no <varname>$type</varname> is
                    specified, the method will assume it is a general prefix for all
                    types.
                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    <methodname>addDisplayGroupPrefixPath($prefix, $path)</methodname>:
                    Just like <methodname>addPrefixPath()</methodname>, you must specify a class
                    prefix and a path; however, since display groups only support
                    decorators as plugins, no <varname>$type</varname> is necessary.
                </para>
            </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>
            Custom elements and decorators are an easy way to share
            functionality between forms and encapsulate custom functionality.
            See the <link
                linkend="zend.form.elements.loaders.customLabel">Custom Label
                example</link> in the elements documentation for an example of
            how custom elements can be used as replacements for standard
            classes.
        </para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="zend.form.forms.elements">
        <title>Elements</title>

        <para>
            <classname>Zend_Form</classname> provides several accessors for adding and
            removing form elements from a form. These can take element object
            instances or serve as factories for instantiating the element
            objects themselves.
        </para>

        <para>
            The most basic method for adding an element is
            <methodname>addElement()</methodname>. This method can take either an object of
            type <classname>Zend_Form_Element</classname> (or of a class extending
            <classname>Zend_Form_Element</classname>), or arguments for building a new
            element -- including the element type, name, and any configuration
            options.
        </para>

        <para>
            Some examples:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Using an element instance:
$element = new Zend_Form_Element_Text('foo');
$form->addElement($element);

// Using a factory
//
// Creates an element of type Zend_Form_Element_Text with the
// name of 'foo':
$form->addElement('text', 'foo');

// Pass label option to the element:
$form->addElement('text', 'foo', array('label' => 'Foo:'));
]]></programlisting>

        <note>
            <title>addElement() Implements Fluent Interface</title>

            <para>
                <methodname>addElement()</methodname> implements a fluent interface; that is
                to say, it returns the <classname>Zend_Form</classname> object, and not
                the element. This is done to allow you to chain together
                multiple addElement() methods or other form methods that
                implement the fluent interface (all setters in <classname>Zend_Form</classname>
                implement the pattern).
            </para>

            <para>
                If you wish to return the element instead, use
                <methodname>createElement()</methodname>, which is outlined below. Be aware,
                however, that <methodname>createElement()</methodname> does not attach the
                element to the form.
            </para>

            <para>
                Internally, <methodname>addElement()</methodname> actually uses
                <methodname>createElement()</methodname> to create the element before
                attaching it to the form.
            </para>
        </note>

        <para>
            Once an element has been added to the form, you can retrieve it by
            name. This can be done either by using the <methodname>getElement()</methodname>
            method or by using overloading to access the element as an object
            property:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// getElement():
$foo = $form->getElement('foo');

// As object property:
$foo = $form->foo;
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            Occasionally, you may want to create an element without attaching it
            to the form (for instance, if you wish to make use of the various
            plugin paths registered with the form, but wish to later attach the
            object to a sub form). The <methodname>createElement()</methodname> method
            allows you to do so:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// $username becomes a Zend_Form_Element_Text object:
$username = $form->createElement('text', 'username');
]]></programlisting>

        <sect3 id="zend.form.forms.elements.values">
            <title>Populating and Retrieving Values</title>

            <para>
                After validating a form, you will typically need to retrieve the
                values so you can perform other operations, such as updating a
                database or notifying a web service. You can retrieve all values
                for all elements using <methodname>getValues()</methodname>;
                <methodname>getValue($name)</methodname> allows you to retrieve a single
                element's value by element name:
            </para>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Get all values:
$values = $form->getValues();

// Get only 'foo' element's value:
$value = $form->getValue('foo');
]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                Sometimes you'll want to populate the form with specified values
                prior to rendering. This can be done with either the
                <methodname>setDefaults()</methodname> or <methodname>populate()</methodname>
                methods:
            </para>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form->setDefaults($data);
$form->populate($data);
]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                On the flip side, you may want to clear a form after populating
                or validating it; this can be done using the
                <methodname>reset()</methodname> method:
            </para>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form->reset();
]]></programlisting>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="zend.form.forms.elements.global">
            <title>Global Operations</title>

            <para>
                Occasionally you will want certain operations to affect all
                elements. Common scenarios include needing to set plugin prefix
                paths for all elements, setting decorators for all elements, and
                setting filters for all elements. As examples:
            </para>

            <example id="zend.form.forms.elements.global.allpaths">
                <title>Setting Prefix Paths for All Elements</title>

                <para>
                    You can set prefix paths for all elements by type, or using
                    a global prefix. Some examples:
                </para>

                <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Set global prefix path:
// Creates paths for prefixes My_Foo_Filter, My_Foo_Validate,
// and My_Foo_Decorator
$form->addElementPrefixPath('My_Foo', 'My/Foo/');

// Just filter paths:
$form->addElementPrefixPath('My_Foo_Filter',
                            'My/Foo/Filter',
                            'filter');

// Just validator paths:
$form->addElementPrefixPath('My_Foo_Validate',
                            'My/Foo/Validate',
                            'validate');

// Just decorator paths:
$form->addElementPrefixPath('My_Foo_Decorator',
                            'My/Foo/Decorator',
                            'decorator');
]]></programlisting>
            </example>

            <example id="zend.form.forms.elements.global.decorators">
                <title>Setting Decorators for All Elements</title>

                <para>
                    You can set decorators for all elements.
                    <methodname>setElementDecorators()</methodname> accepts an array of
                    decorators, just like <methodname>setDecorators()</methodname>, and will
                    overwrite any previously set decorators in each element. In
                    this example, we set the decorators to simply a ViewHelper
                    and a Label:
                </para>

                <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form->setElementDecorators(array(
    'ViewHelper',
    'Label'
));
]]></programlisting>
            </example>

            <example id="zend.form.forms.elements.global.decoratorsFilter">
                <title>Setting Decorators for Some Elements</title>

                <para>
                    You can also set decorators for a subset of elements,
                    either by inclusion or exclusion. The second argument to
                    <methodname>setElementDecorators()</methodname> may be an array of
                    element names; by default, specifying such an array will
                    set the specified decorators on those elements only. You
                    may also pass a third argument, a flag indicating whether
                    this list of elements is for inclusion or exclusion
                    purposes. If the flag is <constant>FALSE</constant>, it will decorate all
                    elements <emphasis>except</emphasis> those in the passed list.
                    As with standard usage of the method, any decorators passed
                    will overwrite any previously set decorators in each
                    element.
                </para>

                <para>
                    In the following snippet, we indicate that we want only the
                    ViewHelper and Label decorators for the 'foo' and 'bar'
                    elements:
                </para>

                <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form->setElementDecorators(
    array(
        'ViewHelper',
        'Label'
    ),
    array(
        'foo',
        'bar'
    )
);
]]></programlisting>

                <para>
                    On the flip side, with this snippet, we'll now indicate
                    that we want to use only the ViewHelper and Label
                    decorators for every element <emphasis>except</emphasis>
                    the 'foo' and 'bar' elements:
                </para>

                <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form->setElementDecorators(
    array(
        'ViewHelper',
        'Label'
    ),
    array(
        'foo',
        'bar'
    ),
    false
);
]]></programlisting>
            </example>

            <note>
                <title>Some Decorators are Inappropriate for Some Elements</title>

                <para>
                    While <methodname>setElementDecorators()</methodname> may seem like
                    a good solution, there are some cases where it may
                    actually end up with unexpected results. For example,
                    the various button elements (Submit, Button, Reset)
                    currently use the label as the value of the button,
                    and only use ViewHelper and DtDdWrapper decorators --
                    preventing an additional labels, errors, and hints from
                    being rendered. The example above would duplicate some
                    content (the label) for button elements.
                </para>

                <para>
                    You can use the inclusion/exclusion array to overcome
                    this issue as noted in the previous example.
                </para>

                <para>
                    So, use this method wisely, and realize that you may
                    need to exclude some elements or manually change some elements' decorators
                    to prevent unwanted output.
                </para>
            </note>

            <example id="zend.form.forms.elements.global.filters">
                <title>Setting Filters for All Elements</title>

                <para>
                    In some cases, you may want to apply the same filter to all
                    elements; a common case is to <methodname>trim()</methodname> all values:
                </para>

                <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form->setElementFilters(array('StringTrim'));
]]></programlisting>
            </example>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="zend.form.forms.elements.methods">
            <title>Methods For Interacting With Elements</title>

            <para>
                The following methods may be used to interact with elements:
            </para>

            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>createElement($element, $name = null, $options =
                            null)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addElement($element, $name = null, $options = null)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addElements(array $elements)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setElements(array $elements)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getElement($name)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getElements()</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>removeElement($name)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>clearElements()</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setDefaults(array $defaults)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setDefault($name, $value)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getValue($name)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getValues()</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getUnfilteredValue($name)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getUnfilteredValues()</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setElementFilters(array $filters)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setElementDecorators(array $decorators)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addElementPrefixPath($prefix, $path, $type = null)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addElementPrefixPaths(array $spec)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
        </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="zend.form.forms.displaygroups">
        <title>Display Groups</title>

        <para>
            Display groups are a way to create virtual groupings of elements for
            display purposes. All elements remain accessible by name in the
            form, but when iterating over the form or rendering, any elements in
            a display group are rendered together. The most common use case for
            this is for grouping elements in fieldsets.
        </para>

        <para>
            The base class for display groups is
            <classname>Zend_Form_DisplayGroup</classname>. While it can be instantiated
            directly, it is usually best to use <classname>Zend_Form</classname>'s
            <methodname>addDisplayGroup()</methodname> method to do so. This method takes an
            array of element names as its first argument, and a name for the display
            group as its second argument. You may optionally pass in an array of
            options or a <classname>Zend_Config</classname> object as the third argument.
        </para>

        <para>
            Assuming that the elements 'username' and 'password' are already set
            in the form, the following code would group these elements in a
            'login' display group:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form->addDisplayGroup(array('username', 'password'), 'login');
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            You can access display groups using the
            <methodname>getDisplayGroup()</methodname> method, or via overloading using the
            display group's name:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Using getDisplayGroup():
$login = $form->getDisplayGroup('login');

// Using overloading:
$login = $form->login;
]]></programlisting>

        <note>
            <title>Default Decorators Do Not Need to Be Loaded</title>

            <para>
                By default, the default decorators are loaded during object
                initialization. You can disable this by passing the
                'disableLoadDefaultDecorators' option when creating a display
                group:
            </para>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form->addDisplayGroup(
    array('foo', 'bar'),
    'foobar',
    array('disableLoadDefaultDecorators' => true)
);
]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                This option may be mixed with any other options you pass,
                both as array options or in a <classname>Zend_Config</classname> object.
            </para>
        </note>

        <sect3 id="zend.form.forms.displaygroups.global">
            <title>Global Operations</title>

            <para>
                Just as with elements, there are some operations which might
                affect all display groups; these include setting decorators and
                setting the plugin path in which to look for decorators.
            </para>

            <example id="zend.form.forms.displaygroups.global.paths">
                <title>Setting Decorator Prefix Path for All Display Groups</title>

                <para>
                    By default, display groups inherit whichever decorator paths
                    the form uses; however, if they should look in alternate
                    locations, you can use the
                    <methodname>addDisplayGroupPrefixPath()</methodname> method.
                </para>

                <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form->addDisplayGroupPrefixPath('My_Foo_Decorator', 'My/Foo/Decorator');
]]></programlisting>
            </example>

            <example id="zend.form.forms.displaygroups.global.decorators">
                <title>Setting Decorators for All Display Groups</title>

                <para>
                    You can set decorators for all display groups.
                    <methodname>setDisplayGroupDecorators()</methodname> accepts an array of
                    decorators, just like <methodname>setDecorators()</methodname>, and will
                    overwrite any previously set decorators in each display
                    group. In this example, we set the decorators to simply a
                    fieldset (the FormElements decorator is necessary to ensure
                    that the elements are iterated):
                </para>

                <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form->setDisplayGroupDecorators(array(
    'FormElements',
    'Fieldset'
));
]]></programlisting>
            </example>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="zend.form.forms.displaygroups.customClasses">
            <title>Using Custom Display Group Classes</title>

            <para>
                By default, <classname>Zend_Form</classname> uses the
                <classname>Zend_Form_DisplayGroup</classname> class for display groups.
                You may find you need to extend this class in order to provided
                custom functionality. <methodname>addDisplayGroup()</methodname> does not
                allow passing in a concrete instance, but does allow specifying
                the class to use as one of its options, using the
                'displayGroupClass' key:
            </para>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Use the 'My_DisplayGroup' class
$form->addDisplayGroup(
    array('username', 'password'),
    'user',
    array('displayGroupClass' => 'My_DisplayGroup')
);
]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                If the class has not yet been loaded, <classname>Zend_Form</classname>
                will attempt to do so using <classname>Zend_Loader</classname>.
            </para>

            <para>
                You can also specify a default display group class to use with
                the form such that all display groups created with the form
                object will use that class:
            </para>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Use the 'My_DisplayGroup' class for all display groups:
$form->setDefaultDisplayGroupClass('My_DisplayGroup');
]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                This setting may be specified in configurations as
                'defaultDisplayGroupClass', and will be loaded early to ensure
                all display groups use that class.
            </para>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="zend.form.forms.displaygroups.interactionmethods">
            <title>Methods for Interacting With Display Groups</title>

            <para>
                The following methods may be used to interact with display
                groups:
            </para>

            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addDisplayGroup(array $elements, $name, $options
                            = null)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addDisplayGroups(array $groups)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setDisplayGroups(array $groups)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getDisplayGroup($name)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getDisplayGroups()</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>removeDisplayGroup($name)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>clearDisplayGroups()</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setDisplayGroupDecorators(array $decorators)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addDisplayGroupPrefixPath($prefix, $path)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setDefaultDisplayGroupClass($class)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getDefaultDisplayGroupClass($class)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="zend.form.forms.displaygroups.methods">
            <title>Zend_Form_DisplayGroup Methods</title>

            <para>
                <classname>Zend_Form_DisplayGroup</classname> has the following methods,
                grouped by type:
            </para>

            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>Configuration:</para>

                    <itemizedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                <methodname>setOptions(array $options)</methodname>
                            </para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>setConfig(Zend_Config $config)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>
                    </itemizedlist>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>Metadata:</para>

                    <itemizedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>setAttrib($key, $value)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>addAttribs(array $attribs)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>setAttribs(array $attribs)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem><para><methodname>getAttrib($key)</methodname></para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para><methodname>getAttribs()</methodname></para></listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>removeAttrib($key)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem><para><methodname>clearAttribs()</methodname></para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para><methodname>setName($name)</methodname></para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para><methodname>getName()</methodname></para></listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>setDescription($value)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem><para><methodname>getDescription()</methodname></para></listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>setLegend($legend)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem><para><methodname>getLegend()</methodname></para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para><methodname>setOrder($order)</methodname></para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para><methodname>getOrder()</methodname></para></listitem>
                    </itemizedlist>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>Elements:</para>

                    <itemizedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                <methodname>createElement($type, $name, array $options
                                    = array())</methodname>
                            </para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                <methodname>addElement($typeOrElement, $name, array $options =
                                    array())</methodname>
                            </para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>addElements(array $elements)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>setElements(array $elements)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem><para><methodname>getElement($name)</methodname></para></listitem>
                        <listitem><para><methodname>getElements()</methodname></para></listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>removeElement($name)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem><para><methodname>clearElements()</methodname></para></listitem>
                    </itemizedlist>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>Plugin loaders:</para>

                    <itemizedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                <methodname>setPluginLoader(Zend_Loader_PluginLoader
                                    $loader)</methodname>
                            </para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem><para><methodname>getPluginLoader()</methodname></para></listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>addPrefixPath($prefix, $path)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>addPrefixPaths(array $spec)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>
                    </itemizedlist>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>Decorators:</para>

                    <itemizedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                <methodname>addDecorator($decorator, $options = null)</methodname>
                            </para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>addDecorators(array $decorators)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>setDecorators(array $decorators)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>getDecorator($name)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem><para><methodname>getDecorators()</methodname></para></listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>removeDecorator($name)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem><para><methodname>clearDecorators()</methodname></para></listitem>
                    </itemizedlist>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>Rendering:</para>

                    <itemizedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                <methodname>setView(Zend_View_Interface $view = null)</methodname>
                            </para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem><para><methodname>getView()</methodname></para></listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                <methodname>render(Zend_View_Interface $view = null)</methodname>
                            </para>
                        </listitem>
                    </itemizedlist>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>I18n:</para>

                    <itemizedlist>
                        <listitem>
                            <para>
                                <methodname>setTranslator(Zend_Translate_Adapter $translator =
                                    null)</methodname>
                            </para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem><para><methodname>getTranslator()</methodname></para></listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>setDisableTranslator($flag)</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>

                        <listitem>
                            <para><methodname>translatorIsDisabled()</methodname></para>
                        </listitem>
                    </itemizedlist>
                </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
        </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="zend.form.forms.subforms">
        <title>Sub Forms</title>

        <para>
            Sub forms serve several purposes:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
                <para>
                    Creating logical element groups. Since sub forms are simply
                    forms, you can validate subforms as individual entities.
                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    Creating multi-page forms. Since sub forms are simply forms, you
                    can display a separate sub form per page, building up multi-page
                    forms where each form has its own validation logic. Only once
                    all sub forms validate would the form be considered complete.
                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    Display groupings. Like display groups, sub forms, when rendered
                    as part of a larger form, can be used to group elements. Be
                    aware, however, that the master form object will have no
                    awareness of the elements in sub forms.
                </para>
            </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>
            A sub form may be a <classname>Zend_Form</classname> object, or, more
            typically, a <classname>Zend_Form_SubForm</classname> object. The latter
            contains decorators suitable for inclusion in a larger form (i.e.,
            it does not render additional <acronym>HTML</acronym> form tags, but does group
            elements). To attach a sub form, simply add it to the form and give
            it a name:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form->addSubForm($subForm, 'subform');
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            You can retrieve a sub form using either
            <methodname>getSubForm($name)</methodname> or overloading using the sub form
            name:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Using getSubForm():
$subForm = $form->getSubForm('subform');

// Using overloading:
$subForm = $form->subform;
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            Sub forms are included in form iteration, although the elements they
            contain are not.
        </para>

        <sect3 id="zend.form.forms.subforms.global">
            <title>Global Operations</title>

            <para>
                Like elements and display groups, there are some operations that
                might need to affect all sub forms. Unlike display groups and
                elements, however, sub forms inherit most functionality from the
                master form object, and the only real operation that may need to
                be performed globally is setting decorators for sub forms. For
                this purpose, there is the <methodname>setSubFormDecorators()</methodname>
                method. In the next example, we'll set the decorator for all
                subforms to be simply a fieldset (the FormElements decorator is
                needed to ensure its elements are iterated):
            </para>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form->setSubFormDecorators(array(
    'FormElements',
    'Fieldset'
));
]]></programlisting>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="zend.form.forms.subforms.methods">
            <title>Methods for Interacting With Sub Forms</title>

            <para>
                The following methods may be used to interact with sub forms:
            </para>

            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addSubForm(Zend_Form $form, $name, $order = null)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addSubForms(array $subForms)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setSubForms(array $subForms)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getSubForm($name)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getSubForms()</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>removeSubForm($name)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>clearSubForms()</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setSubFormDecorators(array $decorators)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
        </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="zend.form.forms.metadata">
        <title>Metadata and Attributes</title>

        <para>
            While a form's usefulness primarily derives from the elements it
            contains, it can also contain other metadata, such as a name (often
            used as a unique ID in the <acronym>HTML</acronym> markup); the form action and method;
            the number of elements, groups, and sub forms it contains; and
            arbitrary metadata (usually used to set <acronym>HTML</acronym> attributes for the form
            tag itself).
        </para>

        <para>
            You can set and retrieve a form's name using the name accessors:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Set the name:
$form->setName('registration');

// Retrieve the name:
$name = $form->getName();
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            To set the action (url to which the form submits) and method (method
            by which it should submit, e.g., 'POST' or '<constant>GET</constant>'), use the action
            and method accessors:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Set the action and method:
$form->setAction('/user/login')
     ->setMethod('post');
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            You may also specify the form encoding type specifically using the
            enctype accessors. <classname>Zend_Form</classname> defines two constants,
            <constant>Zend_Form::ENCTYPE_URLENCODED</constant> and
            <constant>Zend_Form::ENCTYPE_MULTIPART</constant>, corresponding to the
            values 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' and
            'multipart/form-data', respectively; however, you can set this to
            any arbitrary encoding type.
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Set the action, method, and enctype:
$form->setAction('/user/login')
     ->setMethod('post')
     ->setEnctype(Zend_Form::ENCTYPE_MULTIPART);
]]></programlisting>

        <note>
            <para>
                The method, action, and enctype are only used internally for rendering,
                and not for any sort of validation.
            </para>
        </note>

        <para>
            <classname>Zend_Form</classname> implements the <classname>Countable</classname>
            interface, allowing you to pass it as an argument to count:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$numItems = count($form);
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            Setting arbitrary metadata is done through the attribs accessors.
            Since overloading in <classname>Zend_Form</classname> is used to access
            elements, display groups, and sub forms, this is the only method for
            accessing metadata.
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Setting attributes:
$form->setAttrib('class', 'zend-form')
     ->addAttribs(array(
         'id'       => 'registration',
         'onSubmit' => 'validate(this)',
     ));

// Retrieving attributes:
$class = $form->getAttrib('class');
$attribs = $form->getAttribs();

// Remove an attribute:
$form->removeAttrib('onSubmit');

// Clear all attributes:
$form->clearAttribs();
]]></programlisting>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="zend.form.forms.decorators">
        <title>Decorators</title>

        <para>
            Creating the markup for a form is often a time-consuming task,
            particularly if you plan on re-using the same markup to show things
            such as validation errors, submitted values, etc.
            <classname>Zend_Form</classname>'s answer to this issue is
            <emphasis>decorators</emphasis>.
        </para>

        <para>
            Decorators for <classname>Zend_Form</classname> objects can be used to render
            a form. The FormElements decorator will iterate through all items in
            a form -- elements, display groups, and sub forms -- and render
            them, returning the result. Additional decorators may then be used
            to wrap this content, or append or prepend it.
        </para>

        <para>
            The default decorators for <classname>Zend_Form</classname> are FormElements,
            HtmlTag (wraps in a definition list), and Form; the equivalent code
            for creating them is as follows:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form->setDecorators(array(
    'FormElements',
    array('HtmlTag', array('tag' => 'dl')),
    'Form'
));
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            This creates output like the following:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="html"><![CDATA[
<form action="/form/action" method="post">
<dl>
...
</dl>
</form>
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            Any attributes set on the form object will be used as <acronym>HTML</acronym>
            attributes of the <emphasis>&lt;form&gt;</emphasis> tag.
        </para>

        <note>
            <title>Default Decorators Do Not Need to Be Loaded</title>

            <para>
                By default, the default decorators are loaded during object
                initialization. You can disable this by passing the
                'disableLoadDefaultDecorators' option to the constructor:
            </para>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form = new Zend_Form(array('disableLoadDefaultDecorators' => true));
]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                This option may be mixed with any other options you pass,
                both as array options or in a <classname>Zend_Config</classname> object.
            </para>
        </note>

        <note>
            <title>Using Multiple Decorators of the Same Type</title>

            <para>
                Internally, <classname>Zend_Form</classname> uses a decorator's
                class as the lookup mechanism when retrieving decorators. As a
                result, you cannot register multiple decorators of the same
                type; subsequent decorators will simply overwrite those that
                existed before.
            </para>

            <para>
                To get around this, you can use aliases. Instead of passing a
                decorator or decorator name as the first argument to
                <methodname>addDecorator()</methodname>, pass an array with a single
                element, with the alias pointing to the decorator object or
                name:
            </para>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Alias to 'FooBar':
$form->addDecorator(array('FooBar' => 'HtmlTag'), array('tag' => 'div'));

// And retrieve later:
$form = $element->getDecorator('FooBar');
]]></programlisting>

            <para>
                In the <methodname>addDecorators()</methodname> and
                <methodname>setDecorators()</methodname> methods, you will need to pass
                the 'decorator' option in the array representing the decorator:
            </para>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Add two 'HtmlTag' decorators, aliasing one to 'FooBar':
$form->addDecorators(
    array('HtmlTag', array('tag' => 'div')),
    array(
        'decorator' => array('FooBar' => 'HtmlTag'),
        'options' => array('tag' => 'dd')
    ),
);

// And retrieve later:
$htmlTag = $form->getDecorator('HtmlTag');
$fooBar  = $form->getDecorator('FooBar');
]]></programlisting>
        </note>

        <para>
            You may create your own decorators for generating the form. One
            common use case is if you know the exact <acronym>HTML</acronym> you wish to use; your
            decorator could create the exact <acronym>HTML</acronym> and simply return it,
            potentially using the decorators from individual elements or display
            groups.
        </para>

        <para>
            The following methods may be used to interact with decorators:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addDecorator($decorator, $options = null)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addDecorators(array $decorators)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setDecorators(array $decorators)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getDecorator($name)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getDecorators()</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>removeDecorator($name)</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>clearDecorators()</methodname>
                    </para>
                </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>
            <classname>Zend_Form</classname> also uses overloading to allow rendering
            specific decorators. <methodname>__call()</methodname> will intercept methods
            that lead with the text 'render' and use the remainder of the method
            name to lookup a decorator; if found, it will then render that
            <emphasis>single</emphasis> decorator. Any arguments passed to the
            method call will be used as content to pass to the decorator's
            <methodname>render()</methodname> method. As an example:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// Render only the FormElements decorator:
echo $form->renderFormElements();

// Render only the fieldset decorator, passing in content:
echo $form->renderFieldset("<p>This is fieldset content</p>");
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            If the decorator does not exist, an exception is raised.
        </para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="zend.form.forms.validation">
        <title>Validation</title>

        <para>
            A primary use case for forms is validating submitted data.
            <classname>Zend_Form</classname> allows you to validate an entire form, a partial form,
            or responses for XmlHttpRequests (AJAX). If the submitted data is not valid, it has
            methods for retrieving the various error codes and messages for
            elements and sub forms.
        </para>

        <para>
            To validate a full form, use the <methodname>isValid()</methodname> method:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
if (!$form->isValid($_POST)) {
    // failed validation
}
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            <methodname>isValid()</methodname> will validate every required element, and any
            unrequired element contained in the submitted data.
        </para>

        <para>
            Sometimes you may need to validate only a subset of the data; for
            this, use <methodname>isValidPartial($data)</methodname>:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
if (!$form->isValidPartial($data)) {
    // failed validation
}
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            <methodname>isValidPartial()</methodname> only attempts to validate those items
            in the data for which there are matching elements; if an element is
            not represented in the data, it is skipped.
        </para>

        <para>
            When validating elements or groups of elements for an <acronym>AJAX</acronym> request,
            you will typically be validating a subset of the form, and want the
            response back in <acronym>JSON</acronym>. <methodname>processAjax()</methodname> does
            precisely that:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$json = $form->processAjax($data);
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            You can then simply send the <acronym>JSON</acronym> response to the client. If the
            form is valid, this will be a boolean <constant>TRUE</constant> response. If not, it
            will be a javascript object containing key/message pairs, where each
            'message' is an array of validation error messages.
        </para>

        <para>
            For forms that fail validation, you can retrieve both error codes
            and error messages, using <methodname>getErrors()</methodname> and
            <methodname>getMessages()</methodname>, respectively:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$codes = $form->getErrors();
$messages = $form->getMessages();
]]></programlisting>

        <note>
            <para>
                Since the messages returned by <methodname>getMessages()</methodname> are an
                array of error code/message pairs, <methodname>getErrors()</methodname> is
                typically not needed.
            </para>
        </note>

        <para>
            You can retrieve codes and error messages for individual elements by
            simply passing the element name to each:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$codes = $form->getErrors('username');
$messages = $form->getMessages('username');
]]></programlisting>

        <note>
            <para>
                Note: When validating elements, <classname>Zend_Form</classname> sends a
                second argument to each element's <methodname>isValid()</methodname> method:
                the array of data being validated. This can then be used by
                individual validators to allow them to utilize other submitted
                values when determining the validity of the data. An example
                would be a registration form that requires both a password and
                password confirmation; the password element could use the
                password confirmation as part of its validation.
            </para>
        </note>

        <sect3 id="zend.form.forms.validation.errors">
            <title>Custom Error Messages</title>

            <para>
                At times, you may want to specify one or more specific error
                messages to use instead of the error messages generated by the
                validators attached to your elements. Additionally, at times you
                may want to mark the form invalid yourself. This
                functionality is possible via the following methods.
            </para>

            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addErrorMessage($message)</methodname>: add an error message
                        to display on form validation errors. You may call this more
                        than once, and new messages are appended to the stack.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addErrorMessages(array $messages)</methodname>: add multiple
                        error messages to display on form validation errors.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setErrorMessages(array $messages)</methodname>: add multiple
                        error messages to display on form validation errors,
                        overwriting all previously set error messages.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>getErrorMessages()</methodname>: retrieve the list of
                        custom error messages that have been defined.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>clearErrorMessages()</methodname>: remove all custom error
                        messages that have been defined.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>markAsError()</methodname>: mark the form as having
                        failed validation.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addError($message)</methodname>: add a message to the custom
                        error messages stack and flag the form as invalid.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>addErrors(array $messages)</methodname>: add several
                        messages to the custom error messages stack and flag the
                        form as invalid.
                    </para>
                </listitem>

                <listitem>
                    <para>
                        <methodname>setErrors(array $messages)</methodname>: overwrite the
                        custom error messages stack with the provided messages and
                        flag the form as invalid.
                    </para>
                </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>

            <para>
                All errors set in this fashion may be translated.
            </para>
        </sect3>

        <sect3 id="zend.form.forms.validation.values">
            <title>Retrieving Valid Values Only</title>

            <para>
                There are scenarios when you want to allow your user to work on a valid form
                in several steps. Meanwhile you allow the user to save the form with any
                set of values inbetween. Then if all the data is specified you can transfer
                the model from the building or prototying stage to a valid stage.
            </para>

            <para>
                You can retrieve all the valid values that match the submitted data by calling:
            </para>

            <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$validValues = $form->getValidValues($_POST);
]]></programlisting>
        </sect3>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="zend.form.forms.methods">
        <title>Methods</title>

        <para>
            The following is a full list of methods available to
            <classname>Zend_Form</classname>, grouped by type:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
                <para>Configuration and Options:</para>

                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>setOptions(array $options)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>setConfig(Zend_Config $config)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Plugin Loaders and paths:</para>

                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>setPluginLoader(Zend_Loader_PluginLoader_Interface $loader,
                                $type = null)</methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>getPluginLoader($type = null)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>addPrefixPath($prefix, $path, $type = null) </methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>addPrefixPaths(array $spec)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>addElementPrefixPath($prefix, $path, $type
                                = null)</methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>addElementPrefixPaths(array $spec)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>addDisplayGroupPrefixPath($prefix, $path)</methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Metadata:</para>

                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>setAttrib($key, $value)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>addAttribs(array $attribs)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>setAttribs(array $attribs)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><methodname>getAttrib($key)</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>getAttribs()</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>removeAttrib($key)</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>clearAttribs()</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>setAction($action)</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>getAction()</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>setMethod($method)</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>getMethod()</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>setName($name)</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>getName()</methodname></para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Elements:</para>

                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>addElement($element, $name = null, $options
                                = null)</methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>addElements(array $elements)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>setElements(array $elements)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><methodname>getElement($name)</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>getElements()</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>removeElement($name)</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>clearElements()</methodname></para></listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>setDefaults(array $defaults)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>setDefault($name, $value)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><methodname>getValue($name)</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>getValues()</methodname></para></listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>getUnfilteredValue($name)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><methodname>getUnfilteredValues()</methodname></para></listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>setElementFilters(array $filters)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>setElementDecorators(array $decorators)</methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Sub forms:</para>

                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>addSubForm(Zend_Form $form, $name, $order
                                = null)</methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>addSubForms(array $subForms)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>setSubForms(array $subForms)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><methodname>getSubForm($name)</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>getSubForms()</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>removeSubForm($name)</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>clearSubForms()</methodname></para></listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>setSubFormDecorators(array $decorators)</methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Display groups:</para>

                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>addDisplayGroup(array $elements, $name, $options
                                = null)</methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>addDisplayGroups(array $groups)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>setDisplayGroups(array $groups)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>getDisplayGroup($name)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><methodname>getDisplayGroups()</methodname></para></listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>removeDisplayGroup($name)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><methodname>clearDisplayGroups()</methodname></para></listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>setDisplayGroupDecorators(array $decorators)</methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Validation</para>

                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>populate(array $values)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><methodname>isValid(array $data)</methodname></para></listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>isValidPartial(array $data)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>processAjax(array $data)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><methodname>persistData()</methodname></para></listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>getErrors($name = null)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>getMessages($name = null)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>Rendering:</para>

                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>setView(Zend_View_Interface $view = null)</methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><methodname>getView()</methodname></para></listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>addDecorator($decorator, $options = null)</methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>addDecorators(array $decorators)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>setDecorators(array $decorators)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><methodname>getDecorator($name)</methodname></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><methodname>getDecorators()</methodname></para></listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>removeDecorator($name)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><methodname>clearDecorators()</methodname></para></listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>render(Zend_View_Interface $view = null)</methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>I18n:</para>

                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem>
                        <para>
                            <methodname>setTranslator(Zend_Translate_Adapter $translator
                                = null)</methodname>
                        </para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><methodname>getTranslator()</methodname></para></listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>setDisableTranslator($flag)</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem>
                        <para><methodname>translatorIsDisabled()</methodname></para>
                    </listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="zend.form.forms.config">
        <title>Configuration</title>

        <para>
            <classname>Zend_Form</classname> is fully configurable via
            <methodname>setOptions()</methodname> and <methodname>setConfig()</methodname> (or by
            passing options or a <classname>Zend_Config</classname> object to the
            constructor). Using these methods, you can specify form elements,
            display groups, decorators, and metadata.
        </para>

        <para>
            As a general rule, if 'set' + the option key refers to a
            <classname>Zend_Form</classname> method, then the value provided will be
            passed to that method. If the accessor does not exist, the key is
            assumed to reference an attribute, and will be passed to
            <methodname>setAttrib()</methodname>.
        </para>

        <para>
            Exceptions to the rule include the following:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
                <para>
                    <property>prefixPath</property> will be passed to
                    <methodname>addPrefixPaths()</methodname>
                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    <property>elementPrefixPath</property> will be passed to
                    <methodname>addElementPrefixPaths()</methodname>
                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    <property>displayGroupPrefixPath</property> will be passed to
                    <methodname>addDisplayGroupPrefixPaths()</methodname>
                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>the following setters cannot be set in this way:</para>

                <itemizedlist>
                    <listitem>
                        <para><property>setAttrib</property> (though setAttribs *will* work)</para>
                    </listitem>

                    <listitem><para><property>setConfig</property></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><property>setDefault</property></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><property>setOptions</property></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><property>setPluginLoader</property></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><property>setSubForms</property></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><property>setTranslator</property></para></listitem>
                    <listitem><para><property>setView</property></para></listitem>
                </itemizedlist>
            </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>
            As an example, here is a config file that passes configuration for
            every type of configurable data:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="ini"><![CDATA[
[element]
name = "registration"
action = "/user/register"
method = "post"
attribs.class = "zend_form"
attribs.onclick = "validate(this)"

disableTranslator = 0

prefixPath.element.prefix = "My_Element"
prefixPath.element.path = "My/Element/"
elementPrefixPath.validate.prefix = "My_Validate"
elementPrefixPath.validate.path = "My/Validate/"
displayGroupPrefixPath.prefix = "My_Group"
displayGroupPrefixPath.path = "My/Group/"

elements.username.type = "text"
elements.username.options.label = "Username"
elements.username.options.validators.alpha.validator = "Alpha"
elements.username.options.filters.lcase = "StringToLower"
; more elements, of course...

elementFilters.trim = "StringTrim"
;elementDecorators.trim = "StringTrim"

displayGroups.login.elements.username = "username"
displayGroups.login.elements.password = "password"
displayGroupDecorators.elements.decorator = "FormElements"
displayGroupDecorators.fieldset.decorator = "Fieldset"

decorators.elements.decorator = "FormElements"
decorators.fieldset.decorator = "FieldSet"
decorators.fieldset.decorator.options.class = "zend_form"
decorators.form.decorator = "Form"
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            The above could easily be abstracted to an <acronym>XML</acronym> or
            <acronym>PHP</acronym> array-based configuration file.
        </para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="zend.form.forms.custom">
        <title>Custom forms</title>

        <para>
            An alternative to using configuration-based forms is to subclass
            <classname>Zend_Form</classname>. This has several benefits:
        </para>

        <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
                <para>
                    You can unit test your form easily to ensure validations and
                    rendering perform as expected.
                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    Fine-grained control over individual elements.
                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    Re-use of form objects, and greater portability (no need to
                    track config files).
                </para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
                <para>
                    Implementing custom functionality.
                </para>
            </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>

        <para>
            The most typical use case would be to use the
            <methodname>init()</methodname> method to setup specific form elements and
            configuration:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
class My_Form_Login extends Zend_Form
{
    public function init()
    {
        $username = new Zend_Form_Element_Text('username');
        $username->class = 'formtext';
        $username->setLabel('Username:')
                 ->setDecorators(array(
                     array('ViewHelper',
                           array('helper' => 'formText')),
                     array('Label',
                           array('class' => 'label'))
                 ));

        $password = new Zend_Form_Element_Password('password');
        $password->class = 'formtext';
        $password->setLabel('Password:')
                 ->setDecorators(array(
                     array('ViewHelper',
                           array('helper' => 'formPassword')),
                     array('Label',
                           array('class' => 'label'))
                 ));

        $submit = new Zend_Form_Element_Submit('login');
        $submit->class = 'formsubmit';
        $submit->setValue('Login')
               ->setDecorators(array(
                   array('ViewHelper',
                   array('helper' => 'formSubmit'))
               ));

        $this->addElements(array(
            $username,
            $password,
            $submit
        ));

        $this->setDecorators(array(
            'FormElements',
            'Fieldset',
            'Form'
        ));
    }
}
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            This form can then be instantiated with simply:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
$form = new My_Form_Login();
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            and all functionality is already setup and ready; no config files
            needed. (Note that this example is greatly simplified, as it
            contains no validators or filters for the elements.)
        </para>

        <para>
            Another common reason for extension is to define a set of
            default decorators. You can do this by overriding the
            <methodname>loadDefaultDecorators()</methodname> method:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
class My_Form_Login extends Zend_Form
{
    public function loadDefaultDecorators()
    {
        $this->setDecorators(array(
            'FormElements',
            'Fieldset',
            'Form'
        ));
    }
}
]]></programlisting>
    </sect2>
</sect1>
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