repo_zf1/documentation/manual/en/tutorials/quickstart-create-project.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Reviewed: no -->
<sect1 id="learning.quickstart.create-project">
    <title>Create Your Project</title>

    <para>
        In order to create your project, you must first download and extract Zend Framework.
    </para>

    <sect2 id="learning.quickstart.create-project.install-zf">
        <title>Install Zend Framework</title>

        <para>
            The easiest way to get Zend Framework along with a complete PHP stack is by installing
            <ulink url="http://www.zend.com/en/products/server-ce/downloads">Zend Server</ulink>.
            Zend Server has native installers for Mac OSX, Windows, Fedora Core, and Ubuntu, as well
            as a universal installation package compatible with most Linux distributions.
        </para>

        <para>
            After you have installed Zend Server, the Framework files may be found
            under <filename>/usr/local/zend/share/ZendFramework</filename> on Mac OSX and Linux,
            and <filename>C:\Program Files\Zend\ZendServer\share\ZendFramework</filename> on
            Windows. The <constant>include_path</constant> will already be configured to include
            Zend Framework.
        </para>

        <para>
            Alternately, you can <ulink url="http://framework.zend.com/download/latest">Download the
            latest version of Zend Framework</ulink> and extract the contents; make a note of where
            you have done so.
        </para>

        <para>
            Optionally, you can add the path to the <filename>library/</filename> subdirectory of
            the archive to your <filename>php.ini</filename>'s <constant>include_path</constant>
            setting.
        </para>

        <para>
            That's it! Zend Framework is now installed and ready to use.
        </para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="learning.quickstart.create-project.create-project">
        <title>Create Your Project</title>

        <note>
            <title>zf Command Line Tool</title>

            <para>
                In your Zend Framework installation is a <filename>bin/</filename> subdirectory,
                containing the scripts <filename>zf.sh</filename> and <filename>zf.bat</filename>
                for Unix-based and Windows-based users, respectively. Make a note of the absolute
                path to this script.
            </para>

            <para>
                Wherever you see references to <filename>zf.sh</filename> or
                <filename>zf.bat</filename>, please substitute the absolute path to the script. On
                Unix-like systems, you may want to use your shell's alias functionality:
                <command>alias zf.sh=path/to/ZendFramework/bin/zf.sh</command>.
            </para>

            <para>
                If you have problems setting up the <command>zf</command> command-line tool, please
                refer to <link linkend="zend.tool.framework.clitool.setup-general">the
                    manual</link>.
            </para>
        </note>

        <para>
            Open a terminal (in Windows, <command>Start -> Run</command>, and then use
            <command>cmd</command>). Navigate to a directory where you would like to start a
            project. Then, use the path to the appropriate script, and execute one of the following:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="shell"><![CDATA[
# Unix:
% zf.sh create project quickstart

# DOS/Windows:
C:> zf.bat create project quickstart
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            Running this command will create your basic site structure, including your initial
            controllers and views. The tree looks like the following:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="text"><![CDATA[
quickstart
|-- application
|   |-- Bootstrap.php
|   |-- configs
|   |   `-- application.ini
|   |-- controllers
|   |   |-- ErrorController.php
|   |   `-- IndexController.php
|   |-- models
|   `-- views
|       |-- helpers
|       `-- scripts
|           |-- error
|           |   `-- error.phtml
|           `-- index
|               `-- index.phtml
|-- library
|-- public
|   `-- index.php
`-- tests
    |-- application
    |   `-- bootstrap.php
    |-- library
    |   `-- bootstrap.php
    `-- phpunit.xml
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            At this point, if you haven't added Zend Framework to your
            <constant>include_path</constant>, we recommend either copying or symlinking it into
            your <filename>library/</filename> directory. In either case, you'll want to either
            recursively copy or symlink the <filename>library/Zend/</filename> directory of your
            Zend Framework installation into the <filename>library/</filename> directory of your
            project. On unix-like systems, that would look like one of the following:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="shell"><![CDATA[
# Symlink:
% cd library; ln -s path/to/ZendFramework/library/Zend .

# Copy:
% cd library; cp -r path/to/ZendFramework/library/Zend .
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            On Windows systems, it may be easiest to do this from the Explorer.
        </para>

        <para>
            Now that the project is created, the main artifacts to begin understanding are the
            bootstrap, configuration, action controllers, and views.
        </para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="learning.quickstart.create-project.bootstrap">
        <title>The Bootstrap</title>

        <para>
            Your <classname>Bootstrap</classname> class defines what resources and components to
            initialize. By default, Zend Framework's <link linkend="zend.controller.front">Front
                Controller</link> is initialized, and it uses the
            <filename>application/controllers/</filename> as the default directory in which to look
            for action controllers (more on that later). The class looks like the following:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// application/Bootstrap.php

class Bootstrap extends Zend_Application_Bootstrap_Bootstrap
{
}
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            As you can see, not much is necessary to begin with.
        </para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="learning.quickstart.create-project.configuration">
        <title>Configuration</title>

        <para>
            While Zend Framework is itself configurationless, you often need to configure your
            application. The default configuration is placed in
            <filename>application/configs/application.ini</filename>, and contains some basic
            directives for setting your PHP environment (for instance, turning error reporting on
            and off), indicating the path to your bootstrap class (as well as its class name), and
            the path to your action controllers. It looks as follows:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="ini"><![CDATA[
; application/configs/application.ini

[production]
phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 0
phpSettings.display_errors = 0
includePaths.library = APPLICATION_PATH "/../library"
bootstrap.path = APPLICATION_PATH "/Bootstrap.php"
bootstrap.class = "Bootstrap"
resources.frontController.controllerDirectory = APPLICATION_PATH "/controllers"

[staging : production]

[testing : production]
phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 1
phpSettings.display_errors = 1

[development : production]
phpSettings.display_startup_errors = 1
phpSettings.display_errors = 1
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            Several things about this file should be noted. First, when using INI-style
            configuration, you can reference constants directly and expand them;
            <constant>APPLICATION_PATH</constant> is actually a constant. Additionally note that
            there are several sections defined: production, staging, testing, and development. The
            latter three inherit settings from the "production" environment. This is a useful way to
            organize configuration to ensure that appropriate settings are available in each stage
            of application development.
        </para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="learning.quickstart.create-project.action-controllers">
        <title>Action Controllers</title>

        <para>
            Your application's <emphasis>action controllers</emphasis> contain your application
            workflow, and do the work of mapping your requests to the appropriate models and views.
        </para>

        <para>
            An action controller should have one or more methods ending in "Action"; these methods
            may then be requested via the web. By default, Zend Framework URLs follow the schema
            <constant>/controller/action</constant>, where "controller" maps to the action
            controller name (minus the "Controller" suffix) and "action" maps to an action method
            (minus the "Action" suffix).
        </para>

        <para>
            Typically, you always need an <classname>IndexController</classname>, which is a
            fallback controller and which also serves the home page of the site, and an
            <classname>ErrorController</classname>, which is used to indicate things such as HTTP
            404 errors (controller or action not found) and HTTP 500 errors (application errors).
        </para>

        <para>
            The default <classname>IndexController</classname> is as follows:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// application/controllers/IndexController.php

class IndexController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{

    public function init()
    {
        /* Initialize action controller here */
    }

    public function indexAction()
    {
        // action body
    }
}
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            And the default <classname>ErrorController</classname> is as follows:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
// application/controllers/ErrorController.php

class ErrorController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{

    public function errorAction()
    {
        $errors = $this->_getParam('error_handler');

        switch ($errors->type) {
            case Zend_Controller_Plugin_ErrorHandler::EXCEPTION_NO_CONTROLLER:
            case Zend_Controller_Plugin_ErrorHandler::EXCEPTION_NO_ACTION:

                // 404 error -- controller or action not found
                $this->getResponse()->setHttpResponseCode(404);
                $this->view->message = 'Page not found';
                break;
            default:
                // application error
                $this->getResponse()->setHttpResponseCode(500);
                $this->view->message = 'Application error';
                break;
        }

        $this->view->exception = $errors->exception;
        $this->view->request   = $errors->request;
    }
}
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            You'll note that (1) the <classname>IndexController</classname> contains no real code,
            and (2) the <classname>ErrorController</classname> makes reference to a "view" property.
            That leads nicely into our next subject.
        </para>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="learning.quickstart.create-project.views">
        <title>Views</title>

        <para>
            Views in Zend Framework are written in plain old PHP. View scripts are placed in
            <filename>application/views/scripts/</filename>, where they are further categorized
            using the controller names. In our case, we have an
            <classname>IndexController</classname> and an <classname>ErrorController</classname>,
            and thus we have corresponding <filename>index/</filename> and
            <filename>error/</filename> subdirectories within our view scripts directory. Within
            these subdirectories, you will then find and create view scripts that correspond to each
            controller action exposed; in the default case, we thus have the view scripts
            <filename>index/index.phtml</filename> and <filename>error/error.phtml</filename>.
        </para>

        <para>
            View scripts may contain any markup you want, and use the <code>&lt;?php</code> opening
            tag and <code>?&gt;</code> closing tag to insert PHP directives.
        </para>

        <para>
            The following is what we install by default for the
            <filename>index/index.phtml</filename> view script:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
<!-- application/views/scripts/index/index.phtml -->
<style>

    a:link,
    a:visited
    {
        color: #0398CA;
    }

    span#zf-name
    {
        color: #91BE3F;
    }

    div#welcome
    {
        color: #FFFFFF;
        background-image: url(http://framework.zend.com/images/bkg_header.jpg);
        width:  600px;
        height: 400px;
        border: 2px solid #444444;
        overflow: hidden;
        text-align: center;
    }

    div#more-information
    {
        background-image: url(http://framework.zend.com/images/bkg_body-bottom.gif);
        height: 100%;
    }

</style>
<div id="welcome">
    <h1>Welcome to the <span id="zf-name">Zend Framework!</span><h1 />
    <h3>This is your project's main page<h3 />
    <div id="more-information">
        <p>
            <img src="http://framework.zend.com/images/PoweredBy_ZF_4LightBG.png" />
        </p>

        <p>
            Helpful Links: <br />
            <a href="http://framework.zend.com/">Zend Framework Website</a> |
            <a href="http://framework.zend.com/manual/en/">Zend Framework
                Manual</a>
        </p>
    </div>
</div>
]]></programlisting>

        <para>
            The <filename>error/error.phtml</filename> view script is slightly more interesting as
            it uses some PHP conditionals:
        </para>

        <programlisting language="php"><![CDATA[
<!-- application/views/scripts/error/error.phtml -->
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN";
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
  <title>Zend Framework Default Application</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>An error occurred</h1>
  <h2><?php echo $this->message ?></h2>

  <?php if ('development' == $this->env): ?>

  <h3>Exception information:</h3>
  <p>
      <b>Message:</b> <?php echo $this->exception->getMessage() ?>
  </p>

  <h3>Stack trace:</h3>
  <pre><?php echo $this->exception->getTraceAsString() ?>
  </pre>

  <h3>Request Parameters:</h3>
  <pre><?php echo var_export($this->request->getParams(), 1) ?>
  </pre>
  <?php endif ?>

</body>
</html>
]]></programlisting>
    </sect2>

    <sect2 id="learning.quickstart.create-project.checkpoint">
        <title>Checkpoint</title>

        <para>
            At this point, you should be able to fire up your initial Zend Framework application.
            Create a virtual host in your web server, and point its document root to your
            application's <filename>public/</filename> subdirectory. Make sure your host's name is
            in your DNS or hosts file, and then point your browser to it. You should be able to see
            a welcome page at this point.
        </para>
    </sect2>
</sect1>